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acupuncture, acupuncture, or

This method of pain relief in labor with needles setting intended for human body acupressure points: abdomen, in the area of ​​brush in the upper third of the leg and the lower thirds of the leg. The use of these terms in the first phase of the work. In the second phase of analgesia to work effectively in the deficit.

Acupressure

This is acupuncture without needles, to achieve analgesia. These methods allow non-pharmacological pain relief during the battle, and the normalization of public activities and has no negative effects on the fetus.

The use of electron through the skin with bipolar pulses. Pulses have an effect on blocked incoming fibers (sensory) nerve, thus reducing pain.

medical methods to relieve pain during labor

has now been found that all drugs used for pain relief genera penetrate the blood barrier of the placenta and the fetus. In this sense, anesthesia during childbirth in the selection of the selective drug, in consideration of the status of the mother and the fetus. Important the date of use of painkillers is. It is known that the greatest pain is when the cervix is ​​3-4 cm longer used in every part of the first phase of work, but not all drugs in this phase of the work because of its negative effects on the fetus. After the start -

at the beginning of the work, in the latent phase of the first stage of labor, and the disclosure of 3-4 cm and are painful spasms can a small relaniuma or sedatives

Under the spasm used papaverine Nospanum painkiller drugs are used -. promedol moradol

used intramuscularly or intravenously for the fastest way to achieve the effect. As a general rule, the effect of the drug will begin in 10-15 minutes and lasts for at least 2 hours. Treatment of pain with opioids useful for cervical dilatation of 3-4 cm and at the end in 2-2.5 hours before the expected birth of the fetus because of the potential adverse effects on the respiratory tract of the child (depression of the respiratory center of the fetus through the penetration of drugs across the placenta-blood barrier).

If you are painkillers during labor and compulsory monitoring of the fetal heart rate with the CTG. At the same time there is a monotonic heart rate, but continued to fight. A significant analgesic effect of NSAIDs administration manages to reach 60-70% of pregnant women.

should show the introduction of analgesics during labor, a lot of attention as a dose of exaggeration, and the reduction of the dose intervals can lead to poor work activities, as well as bleeding in the third stage of labor.

The use of obstetrical anesthesia medical

This method allows us to give pregnant women the opportunity during the first phase of work to relax in a dream.

referred to as extreme fatigue during the work, and work for long periods, an initial period of illness and work coordination disorders

to birth 20% hydroxybutyrate sodium are used treatment of anesthesia, a solution promedola 2% - 1 ml of 0.1% solution Demerol - 1 ml and 2.5% sodium Pipolphenum

diphenhydramine, promedol Pipolphenum mixed in the same syringe and intramuscular administration. This manipulation is stunned. Calculated intravenously hydroxybutyrate sodium 50-65 mg for 1 kg body weight of the pregnant woman based on the dry mass after 5-20 minutes after the anesthesia. Then comes the dream Medical that lasts for about 3 hours.

Since this manipulation is a system for monitoring of cardiovascular and respiratory pregnant, she might just be the anesthesiologist.

In addition to the entertainment and a woman brings this manipulation has a number of advantages. Sodium hydroxybutyrate has been the effect of anti-dead and enhance it, and the condition of the fetus. It promotes a faster acquisition of the operating system of the uterus. After staying a woman developed a slight metabolic acidosis, and then improves metabolic processes and increases the body's sensitivity to the effect of drugs that increase the tone of the uterus.

contraindications for the use of intravenous anesthesia using sodium-hydroxybutyrate is a severe form of preeclampsia, bradycardia, the importance of lowering blood pressure.

inhalation anesthesia

is currently used by nitrous oxide inhalation drug, mixed with oxygen Trillo with anesthesia machines or portable devices.

The most common method of anesthesia is autoanalgeziya nitrous oxide and oxygen. With this method, a woman in labor is inspired gas mixture in the battle, if it painful. The positive side of this technology - the impossibility of an overdose, since the beginning of the surgical stage of anesthesia woman stops in labor to keep the mask in hand, and starts sniffing the air and natural awakening in a few minutes

The use of this technique in the first stage of labor is possible, not as concentrated derived nitrous oxide in the body and easily from this? Mixture for inhalation anesthesia using 0.40%, consisting of nitrous oxide and 60% - Oxygen

is a very important technique of sewing the uterus and seams.

comparison to the right of the edges of the wound - one of the conditions for the prevention of infectious complications, and the strength of the scar, and to prevent uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancies and birth

Wound closure is applied, continuous uterine or two tracks and a search in degrees (Vickery Monocryl used Dexon, Supramid, polisorb, kaproag, chrome catgut, and others). It is best to use themes with a guaranteed absorption, and after like 3 weeks after surgery

stitches applied as follows: first row (-almkhati muscle suture) as obvivnogo continuous application or looking fur (for Shmidenu), and the second is the number (serological sewing muscle) applied in the form of a continuous or interrupted suture strands to separate puncture with a needle and discharged between the layers of the first row. The Astcefaq of serosa of the uterus with a continuous suture. Some doctors do not spend Astcefaq.

after abdominal suture WC layers of the abdominal wall firmly. On the skin usually some silk or nylon sutures impose. Immediately after the operation on the operating table produce a vaginal examination, and remove blood clots from the vagina and possibly the lower part of the uterus, vagina and bladder catheter toilet in the implements carried out. .

blood loss at caesarean section averages 800 ml duration of surgery with an average of 40-60 minutes

At the time the operation is performed, Kaiser transfer isotonic saline and blood substitutes, according to the testimony - fresh frozen plasma, at least - of red blood cells. In relation to the transfer of fresh frozen plasma turbulence hemostasis and increased bleeding wounds

In order to limit the amount of blood loss during surgery, is performed transfer of isotonic saline and blood substitutes, as he pointed out - fresh frozen plasma (when Violations of blood clotting and increase bleeding during surgery), and with a high degree of blood loss (anemia or background before delivery) - Move odnogruppnoy red cells packed

Caesarean section in the lower part of the sector uterine cross section

, if cesarean section to cross-section of the lower part of the uterus usually produces a suprapubic incision cross Vanninstal. Exposing the uterus and scissors at the center of the uterus show vescico times (2-3 cm above the attachment to the bladder) that is prepared horizontally in each of the ligament of the uterus. And highest otseparovyvayut sharp displaced from the bladder to the ground and hold the mirror. At the level of a large part of the head carefully (so as not to hurt your head!) Produce a small piece of the lower uterine section sectors extend index fingers of both hands on the points of maximum head size that corresponds with a larger diameter and 10-12 cm .

If you can produce great fruit from the lower part of the uterus, the arc is cut open. The first scalpel 2.5-3 cm incision through the entire thickness of the uterine wall, then to the right and left of the midline incision scissors have bent to the desired value.

If the fetus is not the discovery of the bladder during the anatomy of the uterus, and open it with a scalpel, born shell fingers.

and then introduced into the uterine cavity right hand grasp the child's head, turning slightly, her occipital front. Assistant pay a little in the lower part of the uterus, and therefore there is an extension of the President, and it comes from the uterus. Gentle train on his head with both hands successively removed to remove one arm and the other, and then inserted his fingers in the armpits and the fruits. In case of difficulties in the place of the baby's head removing the hand below the lower pole of the head can a spoon or tongs special extractor Murless (which looks like a spoon forceps) take and gently press down on the lower part of the uterus, the to bring top of the uterus. The fetus was removed in rear inguinal fold or leg. In the case of the transverse position of the fetus is usually removed from the leg. Chairman of the uterus receive the same reception Moriceau - Levro

M. Stark (1994) proposed a slight modification of caesarean section at the bottom of the disc. Prepared by the method of the anatomy of the anterior abdominal wall Joel - Cohen (1972). Then cut through the fold vescico uterus. The show is produced segments of the lower part of the uterus in the transverse direction to the points of maximum head circumference. Recognition from the fetal bladder and by the President of the traditional and the whole fruit. Imposed and the umbilical cord. Remove side of the placenta. At this time, anesthesia injection intravenously with 10 IU oxytocin or ergometrine 0.5 mg. The author recommends that the output of the uterus and the abdominal cavity to keep their massage. If necessary, the procedure to expand the cervical canal to drain lochia. The wound is reduced to a single continuous layer of the uterus chromium catgut number 1 or bind Riverdenu Vicryl suture. Astcefaq wounds in the uterus does not produce. Not sewn have stomach and abdominal muscles on the front end to impose continuous Vicryl suture on Riverdenu, silk yarn was sew individual skin over long periods of time (3-4 seams on pack). The seams between the edges of the wound for 5-10 minutes connection brackets Alice, and then shoot.

defeat the muscles in the form of gummy bears and myositis joint synovitis in the form of acute or chronic arthritis or later in time is rare.

diagnosed with syphilis latent

Syphilis latent on the basis of the positive results of the tests, serological, in the absence of the manifestations of active disease on the skin and mucous membranes, signs of damage specific to the nervous system , internal organs, musculoskeletal system. Shared

latent syphilis in early (with disease duration up to 1 year), late (more than 1 year) and non-specific or unknown (as determine the time of the injury is not possible). This division because of a temporary degree of risk patients epidemic.

congenital syphilis

Congenital syphilis occurs as a result of injury to the fetus during pregnancy through the placenta from the mother ill with syphilis. Pregnant women with syphilis can pass through 10 of pregnancy through the placenta with acyanotic week, but usually 4-5 months pregnant intrauterine infection of the fetus occurs.

and often is congenital syphilis in children to female patients who were not treated or received inadequate treatment were born. The probability of congenital syphilis depends on the duration of infection in pregnancy: Syphilis fresh and active in the mother, are more of a child who is not yet born, bear the negative effects. Fate infected with syphilis in the fetus may be different. Pregnancy may lead to birth babies or live with the manifestations of the disease, which occurs immediately after birth or later. Perhaps the birth of children without clinical symptoms but with positive serological reactions later in subsequent appearances of congenital syphilis. Mother with syphilis more than 2 years, can give birth to a healthy child.

Syphilis placenta. Syphilis hypertrophic placenta, the proportion of the mass of the mass of the fetus 1: 4.1: 3 (Normal 1: 6-1: 5), and the consistency of a thick, uneven surface, fabric, delicate, flabby, tears easily, mottled coloring . In placental tissue screw hard to find, so that the detection of the pathogen is carried material from the umbilical cord, where treponemy always found in large numbers.